Gilgit-Baltistan, spanning 27,188 square miles (72,000 square kilometers) with a population of around 2.3 million, is a region of breathtaking landscapes, towering peaks, and deep-rooted history.
Gilgit-Baltistan borders Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province to the west, a small portion of the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan to the north, Xinjiang, China to the northeast, the Indian territory Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh to the southeast, and the Pakistani-administered state of Azad Kashmir to the south.
This region is famous for its mountains, including some of the highest peaks in the world. It is home to five of the fourteen tallest mountains, also known as “eight-thousanders,” along with more than fifty peaks above 7,000 meters (23,000 feet).
The main centers for mountain expeditions are Gilgit, Astore, and Skardu. The Karakoram and the western Himalayas are the main mountain ranges, while the Pamir Mountains are in the north and the Hindu Kush lies to the west.
Two of the most famous peaks in Gilgit-Baltistan are K2, the second-highest mountain in the world, and Nanga Parbat, known as the “Killer Mountain” because of its challenging climbs. The region also has three of the world’s longest glaciers outside the polar regions—the Biafo Glacier, the Baltoro Glacier, and the Batura Glacier. Along with these, there are many beautiful high-altitude lakes that attract tourists from all over the world.
Tourism History in Gilgit-Baltistan:
Historically, Gilgit-Baltistan has been a gateway for traders, explorers, and conquerors. The region was once a vital part of the Silk Road, connecting China with the Indian subcontinent. The ancient trade routes that traversed the Hindukush and Karakoram ranges brought economic prosperity to the region, establishing it as a significant cultural and commercial hub.
With the construction of the Karakoram Highway (KKH) in 1979, often referred to as the eighth wonder of the world, Gilgit-Baltistan’s significance increased manifold. The highway, which connects Pakistan to China through the Khunjerab Pass, opened up new avenues for tourism and trade. Today, with the launch of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Gilgit-Baltistan is once again at the center of global attention, attracting tourists and investors alike.
The region’s strategic importance and historical conflicts, such as the Great Game between British India and Russia, further enriched its historical significance. The people of Gilgit-Baltistan have played a crucial role in shaping the region’s history, from their battles against the Dogras and British to their integral role in Pakistan’s independence movement.
Advantages of Tourism in Gilgit-Baltistan:
Tourism in Gilgit-Baltistan brings numerous advantages, not only to the region but also to Pakistan as a whole. Some key benefits include:
1. Economic Growth:
Tourism has the potential to become a major revenue-generating sector for Gilgit-Baltistan. In 2017, over 1.72 million tourists visited the region, with an expected increase to 2.5 million in the following years. This influx of visitors boosts local businesses, including hotels, transport services, handicrafts, and restaurants.
2. Employment Opportunities:
A thriving tourism industry creates jobs for the local population, reducing unemployment rates and improving living standards. From tour guides and hotel staff to handicraft sellers and transport providers, tourism supports multiple economic activities.
3. Cultural Exchange and Preservation:
Tourism promotes cultural exchange, allowing visitors to experience the rich traditions, languages, and heritage of the region. It also encourages the preservation of local customs, crafts, and historical sites.
4. Infrastructure Development:
With the rise in tourism, there is increased investment in infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and telecommunications, benefiting both locals and visitors.
5. Environmental Awareness:
Ecotourism initiatives help promote sustainable practices, preserving the region’s pristine environment, glaciers, and wildlife. Awareness programs can educate tourists on minimizing their ecological footprint.
Government Initiatives for Tourism Development:
Recognizing the immense tourism potential of Gilgit-Baltistan, the government has introduced various initiatives to promote and sustain the industry. Some key steps taken by the government include:
1. Development of Infrastructure:
The Pakistani government, along with international partners, has invested in road networks, airports, and hospitality infrastructure to facilitate tourism. The expansion of Skardu and Gilgit airports allows for better connectivity with major cities.
2. Promotion of Ecotourism:
Sustainable tourism is a priority, with projects aimed at protecting the region’s natural beauty and promoting eco-friendly travel practices. The establishment of conservation areas, such as the Dusai National Park, helps preserve the unique biodiversity of the region.
3. Visa Relaxation for Foreign Tourists:
To attract international visitors, the government has eased visa restrictions and introduced online visa facilities, making it easier for travelers to explore Gilgit-Baltistan.
4. Cultural and Adventure Tourism Promotion:
Efforts are being made to highlight the region’s cultural heritage, traditional festivals, and adventure sports. Events such as the Shandur Polo Festival, cultural fairs, and trekking expeditions draw tourists from across the globe.
5. Security and Safety Measures:
Ensuring the safety of tourists is a key priority. Law enforcement agencies and the tourism department work together to provide a secure and welcoming environment for travelers.
Major Tourist Attractions in Gilgit-Baltistan
1. Majestic Mountains:
Gilgit-Baltistan is home to five of the world’s fourteen tallest mountains, including:
| Mountain | Height (m) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| K2 | 8,611 | The second-highest peak in the world |
| Nanga Parbat | 8,126 | Known as the “Killer Mountain” |
| Broad Peak | 8,051 | |
| Gasherbrum I | 8,080 | |
| Gasherbrum II | 8,035 | |
| Rakaposhi | 7,788 |
2. Glaciers and Lakes:
The region boasts some of the largest glaciers outside the polar regions, including Baltoro, Biafo, and Hispar. Scenic lakes such as Attabad Lake, Sheosar Lake, and Satpara Lake add to the region’s charm.
3. Deosai National Park:
Known as the ‘Land of Giants,’ Deosai is the world’s second-highest plateau, home to unique wildlife, including the Himalayan brown bear.
4. Fairy Meadows and Nanga Parbat Base Camp:
Fairy Meadows offers a stunning view of Nanga Parbat and is a popular trekking destination for adventure seekers.
5. Karakoram Highway:
The highway offers a breathtaking journey through the mountains, connecting Pakistan to China and following ancient Silk Road routes.
6. Shigar and Skardu Valleys:
These valleys serve as gateways to some of the highest peaks and offer historical forts, cold deserts, and cultural heritage.
These valleys serve as gateways to some of the highest peaks and offer historical forts, cold deserts, and cultural heritage.
Conclusion:
Gilgit-Baltistan is an unparalleled gem with immense tourism potential. With its stunning landscapes, historical significance, and cultural richness, the region has much to offer. Government initiatives, infrastructure development, and sustainable tourism practices can help unlock its full potential, benefiting both the local economy and Pakistan’s global tourism standing. By addressing challenges and promoting responsible tourism, Gilgit-Baltistan can emerge as one of the world’s top travel destinations.
